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| Technical Reference Notes (TRN) AK45C 100W Series 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Inputs, 100 W Date Approved 6/1/00 10/25/00 12/21/00 KTF 3/13/01 3/28/01 4-5-01 KTF REV PR-B PR-C PR-D PR-E PR-F Description Preliminary Release Revised Graph sizes (Prelim) Update Outline Drawing New P/N's / Standoff locations Revised Part Numbers Added -M1 Option PR-G Update Various Specifications TECHNICAL REFERENCE NOTED (TRN) AK45C 100 WATT SERIES DC-DC CONVERTER ASTEC POWER ANDOVER, MA _____________________________________________________________ ASTEC POWER - Andover 1 of 17 Technical Reference Notes (TRN) AK45C 100W Series 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Inputs, 100 W Electrical Specifications Absolute Maximum Ratings Stresses in excess of the absolute maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. These are absolute stress ratings only. Functional operation of the device in not implied at these or any other conditions in excess of those given in the operational sections of the IPS. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods can adversely affect device reliability. Table 1. Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Input Voltage: Continuous: Transient (100ms) Operating Case Temperature Storage Temperature Operating Humidity I/O Isolation Device All All All All All All Symbol VI VI, trans Tc Tstg Min 0 0 -40 -55 Typ Max 75 100 100 125 95 1500 Unit Vdc Vdc C C % Vdc Input Specifications Table 2. Input Specifications Parameter Operating Input Voltage Maximum Input Current (V I = 0 to VI,max : Io = Io,max) Device All 018FHX 025FHX 033FHX 050FHX All Symbol VI II,max II,max II,max II,max II Min 36 Typ 48 Max 75 2.00 2.50 3.00 4.00 10 Unit Vdc A A A A mAp-p Input Reflected-ripple Current (5Hz to 20MHz: 12uH source impedance: TA = 25 C.) See Figure 10. Ripple Current into External Input Cap No Load Input Power (V I = VI,nom ) All All IIC - - 5 250 - mARMS W CAUTION: This power module is not internally fused. An input line fuse must always be used. Output Specifications _____________________________________________________________ ASTEC POWER - Andover 2 of 17 Technical Reference Notes (TRN) AK45C 100W Series 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Inputs, 100 W Table 3. Output Specifications Parameter Output Voltage Setpoint (V I = VI,min to VI,max : Io = Io,max; TA = 25 C ) Output Regulation: Line (VI = VI,min to VI,max) Load(Io = Io,min to Io,max) Device 018FHX 025FHX 033FHX 050FHX 018FHX 025FHX 033FHX 050FHX All All All* 018FHX 025FHX 033FHX 050FHX 018FHX 025FHX 033FHX 050FHX All 018FHX 025FHX 033FHX 050FHX 018FX 025FX 033FX 050FX Symbol Vo,set Vo,set Vo,set Vo,set Io Io Io Io Io Io Io Io Io Io Io Io f f f f Min 1.77 2.46 3.25 4.92 0 0 0 0 0 80 82 84 84 - Typ 1.8 2.5 3.3 5.0 2 2 0.05 0.1 15 82 84 86 86 310 310 380 310 Max 1.83 2.54 3.35 5.08 4 5 0.1 0.2 50 100 30 4700 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 190 - Unit Vdc Vdc Vdc Vdc mV mV %Vo %Vo mV mVp-p mVRMS uF A A A A A A A A %Io,max Line (VI = VI,min to VI,max) Load(Io = Io,min to Io,max) Temperature (Tc = -40 C to +100 C) Output Ripple and Noise (Across 0.1uF ceramic and 10uF tantalum capacitors) See Figure 11. External Load Capacitance Output Current Output Current-limit Inception (Vo = 90% Vo,set) Output Short-circuit Current (Vo = 250mV) Efficiency (VI = VI,nom ; Io = Io,max; TC = 70C) Switching Frequency % % % % kHz kHz kHz kHz Dynamic Response: (? Io/? t = 1A/10us; VI = VI,nom ; TA = 25 C ) Load Change from Io = 50% to 75% of Io, max: Peak Deviation Settling Time Load Change from Io = 50% to 25% of Io, max: Peak Deviation Settling Time Turn-on Time (Io = Io,max; Vo within 1%) All - - - 4 400 %Vo usec All - - 2 - 4 400 5 5 %Vo usec msec All All Output Voltage Overshoot (Io = Io,max; TA = 25 C) %Vo _____________________________________________________________ ASTEC POWER - Andover 3 of 17 Technical Reference Notes (TRN) AK45C 100W Series 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Inputs, 100 W *External load capacitance greater than 4700uF but less than 10,000uF can be used except that the maximum overshoot may exceed 5%. Isolation Specifications Table 4. Isolation Specifications Parameter Isolation Capacitance Isolation Resistance Device All All Symbol Min Typ 2300 1000 Max Unit pF Mohm General Specifications Table 5. General Specifications Parameter Calculated MTBF (Io = Io,max; Tc = 25 C) Device All All Symbol - Min - Typ TBD - Max 60(2.2) Unit hours g (oz.) Weight _____________________________________________________________ ASTEC POWER - Andover 4 of 17 Technical Reference Notes (TRN) Feature Specifications Table 6. Feature Specifications Parameter Remote On/Off Signal Interface: (VI = 0 to VI,max ; Open collector or equivalent compatible; Signal referenced to VI (-) terminal.) AK45C 100W Series 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Inputs, 100 W Device Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Positive Logic - No Suffix Low Logic - Module Off High Logic - Module On Negative Logic -Suffix "N" Low Logic - Module On High Logic - Module Off Module Specifications: On/Off Current - Logic Low On/Off Voltage: Logic Low Logic High (Ion/off = 0) Open Collector Switch Specifications: Leakage Current - Logic High (Von/off = 10V) All All All Ion/off Von/off Von/off -0.7 - - 1.0 1.2 10 mA V V All All All All 018FHX 025FHX 033FHX 050FHX All Ion/off Von/off Vo,clamp Vo,clamp Vo,clamp Vo,clamp Tc 80 2.4 3.1 3.9 5.9 105 110 50 1.2 0.5 110 2.7 3.5 4.6 7.0 120 uA V V %Vo V V V V C V V Output Voltage - Logic Low (Ion/off = 1mA) Output Voltage Adjustment Remote Sense Range Voltage Adjustment Range Output Overvoltage Clamp Overtemperature Shutdown Undervoltage Lockout Turn-on Point Turn-off Point All All - 32 34.5 32.5 35 - _____________________________________________________________ ASTEC POWER - Andover 5 of 17 Technical Reference Notes (TRN) Characteristic Curves AK45C 100W Series 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Inputs, 100 W AK45C-048L-050F20H Input Characteristics (Worst Case) Tc = 25 C, Iout = 20A 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Vin (Volts) 50 55 60 65 70 75 Figure 1. Typical Input Current vs Input Voltage. _____________________________________________________________ ASTEC POWER - Andover 6 of 17 Technical Reference Notes (TRN) Characteristic Curves (Continued) AK45C 100W Series 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Inputs, 100 W AK45C-048L-018F20H Efficiency vs Output Current Tc = 70 Deg Celsius 95% 90% 85% Efficiency Vin = 36 Vdc Vin = 48 Vdc Vin = 75 Vdc 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 0.00 5.00 10.00 Output Current (Amps) 15.00 20.00 Figure 2. 018S, Efficiency vs Load Current. AK45C-048L-025F20H Efficiency vs Output Current Tc = 70 Deg Celsius 95% 90% 85% Efficiency Vin = 36 Vdc Vin = 48 Vdc Vin = 75 Vdc 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 0.00 5.00 10.00 Output Current (Amps) 15.00 20.00 Figure 3. 025S Efficiency vs Load Current. _____________________________________________________________ ASTEC POWER - Andover 7 of 17 Technical Reference Notes (TRN) AK45C 100W Series 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Inputs, 100 W Characteristic Curves (Continued) AK45C-048L-033F20H Efficiency vs Output Current Tc = 70 Deg Celsius 95% 90% 85% Efficiency Vin = 36 Vdc Vin = 48 Vdc Vin = 75 Vdc 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 0.00 5.00 10.00 Output Current (Amps) 15.00 20.00 Figure 4. 033S Efficiency vs Load Current. AK45C-048L-050F20H Efficiency vs Output Current Tc = 70 Deg Celsius 95% 90% 85% Efficiency Vin = 36 Vdc Vin = 48 Vdc Vin = 75 Vdc 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 0.00 5.00 10.00 Output Current (Amps) 15.00 20.00 Figure 5. 050S Efficiency vs Load Current. _____________________________________________________________ ASTEC POWER - Andover 8 of 17 Technical Reference Notes (TRN) Characteristic Curves (Continued) AK45C 100W Series 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Inputs, 100 W Figure 6. Typical Output Voltage Startup Vi = Vi,nom, Io = Io,max. Figure 7. Typical Output Ripple Vi = Vi,nom, Io = Io,max. Figure 8. Typical Dynamic Response Step Load Change from 50% to 75% Io,max Figure 9. Typical Dynamic Response Step Load Change from 50% to 25% Io,max _____________________________________________________________ ASTEC POWER - Andover 9 of 17 Technical Reference Notes (TRN) Test Configurations TO OSCILLOSCOPE AK45C 100W Series 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Inputs, 100 W Ltest 12 uH BATTERY Cs 220 uF ESR < 0.1 OHM @ 20 C, 100 kHz 33 uF ESR < 0.7 OHM @ 20 C, 100 kHz Vi(+) Vi(-) Note: Measure input reflected-ripple current with a simulated source inductance (Ltest) of 12 uH. Capacitor Cs offsets possible battery impedance. Measure current as shown above. Figure 10. Input Reflected-ripple Test Setup. COPPER STRIP Vo(+) 0.1 uF Vo(-) 10 uF SCOPE RESISTIVE LOAD Note: Use a 0.1 uF ceramic capacitor and a 10 uF tantalum capacitor. Scope measurement should be made using a BNC socket. Position the load between 51 mm and 76 mm (2 in. and 3 in.) from module. Figure 11. Peak-to-Peak Output Noise Measurement Test Setup. _____________________________________________________________ ASTEC POWER - Andover 10 of 17 Technical Reference Notes (TRN) Feature Descriptions Output Overvoltage Clamp AK45C 100W Series 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Inputs, 100 W The output overvoltage clamp consists of a separate control loop, independent of the primary control loop. This control loop has a higher voltage setpoint than the primary loop. In a fault condition the converter goes into "Hiccup Mode", and the output overvoltage clamp ensures that the output voltage does not exceed Vo,clamp,max. This secondary control loop provides a redundant voltage-control that reduces the risk of output overvoltage. Output Current Protection To provide protection in an output overload or short circuit condition, the converter is equipped with current limiting circuitry and can endure the fault condition for an unlimited duration. At the point of current-limit inception, the converter goes into "Hiccup Mode", causing the output current to be limited both in peak and duration. The converter operates normally once the output current is brought back into its specified range. Enable (Optional) Two enable option are available. Positive Logic Enable, no suffix, and Negative Logic Enable, suffix "N". Positive Logic Enable turns the converter on during a logic-high voltage on the enable pin, and off during a logic-low. Negative Logic Enable turns the converter of during a logic-high and on during a logic-low. Output Voltage Adjustment Output voltage adjustment is accomplished by connecting an external resistor between the Vadj Pin and either the +Vout or -Vout Pins. With an external resistor between the Vadj Pin and -Sense Pin (Radj-down) the output voltage set point (Vo,adj) decreases (see Figure 12). The following equation determines the required external resistor value to obtain an adjusted output voltage: Radj_down 510 %Vo, adj 10.2 . kohm Where Radj-down is the resistance value and %Vo,adj is the percent change in the output voltage. With an external resistor between the Vadj Pin and +Sense Pin (Radj-up) the output voltage set point (Vo,adj) increases (see Figure 13). The following equation determines the required external resistor value to obtain an adjusted output voltage: Radj_up 5.1Vo. ( 100 %Vo, adj) . 1.225%Vo, adj 510 %Vo, adj 10.2 . kohm Where Radj-up is the resistance value and %Vo,adj is the percent change in the output voltage. _____________________________________________________________ ASTEC POWER - Andover 11 of 17 Technical Reference Notes (TRN) AK45C 100W Series 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Inputs, 100 W -Vin Case -Vout -Sense Radj-down Vadj Enable +Vin +Sense +Vout Rload Figure 12. Circuit Configuration to Decrease Output Voltage. -Vin Case -Vout -Sense Vadj Radj-up Rload Enable +Vin +Sense +Vout Figure 13. Circuit Configuration to Increase Output Voltage. _____________________________________________________________ ASTEC POWER - Andover 12 of 17 Technical Reference Notes (TRN) AK45C 100W Series 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Inputs, 100 W Thermal Considerations The power converter operates in a variety of thermal environments: however, sufficient cooling should be provided to help ensure reliable operation of the converter. Heat-dissipating components are thermally coupled to the case. Heat is removed by conduction, convection, and radiation to the surrounding environment. Proper cooling can be verified by measuring the case temperature. Heat Transfer Characteristics Increasing airflow over the converter enhances the heat transfer via convection. Figure 14 shows the maximum power that can be dissipated by the converter without exceeding the maximum case temperature versus local ambient temperature (TA) for natural convection through 2.0 m/s (400 ft/min). Systems in which these converters are used generate airflow rates of 0.25 m/s (50 ft/min) due to other heat dissipating components in the system. Therefore, the natural convection condition represents airflow rates of approximately 0.25 m/s (50 ft/min). Use of Figure 14 is shown in the following example. Example What is the minimum airflow required for an 033F20 operating at 48 V, an output current of 15 A, and maximum ambient temperature of 50 C. Solution: Given: Vi = 48 V, Io = 15 A, TA = 50 C. Determine PD (Figure 17): PD = ~8 W. Determine minimum airflow (Figure 14): v = 1.0 m/s (200 ft/min) AK45C SERIES Power Derating Curve* 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 2.0 m/s (400 ft/min) 1.5 m/s (300 ft/min) 1.0 m/s (200 ft/min) 0.5 m/s (100 ft/min) Nat. Conv. Ambient Temperature (C) Figure 14. Forced Convection Power Derating * longitudinal airflow, transverse airflow is more efficient and extends calculated maximum ambient by 5 C _____________________________________________________________ ASTEC POWER - Andover 13 of 17 Technical Reference Notes (TRN) AK45C 100W Series 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Inputs, 100 W Thermal Considerations (continued) AK45C-048L-018F20H Power Dissipation vs Output Current Tc = 100 Deg Celsius 14.00 Power Dissipation (Watts) Vin = 36 Vdc Vin = 48 Vdc Vin = 75 Vdc 12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 0.00 0.0 5.0 10.0 Output Current (Amps) 15.0 20.0 Figure 15. 018S Pwr. Diss. vs Load Current. AK45C-048L-025F20H Power Dissipation vs Output Current Tc = 100 Deg Celsius 14.00 Power Dissipation (Watts) Vin = 36 Vdc Vin = 48 Vdc Vin = 75 Vdc 12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 0.00 0.0 5.0 10.0 Output Current (Amps) 15.0 20.0 Figure 16. 025S Pwr. Diss. vs Load Current. _____________________________________________________________ ASTEC POWER - Andover 14 of 17 Technical Reference Notes (TRN) Thermal Considerations (continued) AK45C 100W Series 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Inputs, 100 W AK45C-048L-033F20H Power Dissipation vs Output Current Tc = 100 Deg Celsius 14.00 Power Dissipation (Watts) Vin = 36 Vdc Vin = 48 Vdc Vin = 75 Vdc 12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 0.00 0.0 5.0 10.0 Output Current (Amps) 15.0 20.0 Figure 17. 033S Pwr. Diss. vs Load Current. AK45C-048L-050F20H Power Dissipation vs Output Current Tc = 100 Deg Celsius 20.00 18.00 16.00 14.00 12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 0.00 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 Output Current (Amps) 15.0 Vin = 36 Vdc Vin = 48 Vdc Vin = 75 Vdc Power Dissipation (Watts) 17.5 20.0 Figure 18. 050S Pwr. Diss. Vs. Load Current _____________________________________________________________ ASTEC POWER - Andover 15 of 17 Technical Reference Notes (TRN) AK45C 100W Series 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Inputs, 100 W Outline Drawing Dimensions are in inches (millimeters) Tolerances: x.xx 0.02 in ( 0.5mm) x.xxx 0.010 in ( 0.25mm) Pin Assignment 1. -Vin 2. No Pin 3. Enable (on/off) 4. No pin 5. +Vin 6. - Output 7. - Sense 8. Trim 9. + Sense 10. + Output View From Pin Side All pins are 0.040 diameter except pins 6 & 10 which are 0.060 diameter. _____________________________________________________________ ASTEC POWER - Andover 16 of 17 Technical Reference Notes (TRN) Table 8. Part Numbers Model Designation 018FH 025FH 033FH 050FH 018FHN 025FHN 033FHN 050FHN 018FH-6 025FH-6 033FH-6 050FH-6 018FHN-6 025FHN-6 033FHN-6 050FHN-6 018FH-8 025FH-8 033FH-8 050FH-8 018FHN-8 025FHN-8 033FHN-8 050FHN-8 Table 9. Options Suffix N No Suffix -6 -8 -M1 AK45C 100W Series 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Inputs, 100 W Part Number AK45C-048L-018F20HA AK45C-048L-025F20HA AK45C-048L-033F20HA AK45C-048L-050F20HA AK45C-048L-018F20HAN AK45C-048L-025F20HAN AK45C-048L-033F20HAN AK45C-048L-050F20HAN AK45C-048L-018F20HA-6 AK45C-048L-025F20HA-6 AK45C-048L-033F20HA-6 AK45C-048L-050F20HA-6 AK45C-048L-018F20HAN-6 AK45C-048L-025F20HAN-6 AK45C-048L-033F20HAN-6 AK45C-048L-050F20HAN-6 AK45C-048L-018F20HA-8 AK45C-048L-025F20HA-8 AK45C-048L-033F20HA-8 AK45C-048L-050F20HA-8 AK45C-048L-018F20HAN-8 AK45C-048L-025F20HAN-8 AK45C-048L-033F20HAN-8 AK45C-048L-050F20HAN-8 SIS CODE AK45C048HS018 AK45C048HS006 AK45C048HS002 AK45C048HS003 AK45C048HS018N AK45C048HS006N AK45C048HS002N AK45C048HS003N AK45C048HS018-6 AK45C048HS006-6 AK45C048HS002-6 AK45C048HS003-6 AK45C048HS018N-6 AK45C048HS006N-6 AK45C048HS002N-6 AK45C048HS003N-6 AK45C048HS018-8 AK45C048HS006-8 AK45C048HS002-8 AK45C048HS003-8 AK45C048HS018N-8 AK45C048HS006N-8 AK45C048HS002N-8 AK45C048HS003N-8 Option Negative Logic Enable Positive Logic Enable 3.7 mm Pin Length 2.8 mm Pin Length 1/4 Inch Longitudinal Heatsink Notes: Cleaning after assembly; De-ionized water is recommended for cleaning assemblies that include this product. After wash and any associated drying process step, it is recommended that the module be maintained at 100C for a period of 30 minutes to effect more complete drying of internal un-coated components such as magnetic structures with layered windings. HiPot and other electrical tests can be performed after the recommended drying procedure but some temporary degradation in results may be observed until complete drying has occurred. _____________________________________________________________ ASTEC POWER - Andover 17 of 17 |
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